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D/L-乳酸快速檢測試劑盒(D-/L-Lactic Acid (D-/L-Lactate) (Rap

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名稱:D/L-乳酸檢測試劑盒
產(chǎn)品貨號:K-DLATE
規(guī)格:100(各50)
產(chǎn)地:愛爾蘭
數(shù)量:大量
英文名:D/L-Lactic Acid Assay Kit
保存條件:4-6攝氏度
保質(zhì)期:1年以上

D/L-乳酸快速檢測試劑盒(D-/L-Lactic Acid (D-/L-Lactate) (Rapid) Assay Kit 規(guī)格:100次(各50次) 愛爾蘭 型號:JKY/K-DLATE 庫號:M245872
D/L-乳酸快速檢測試劑盒(D-/L-Lactic Acid (D-/L-Lactate) (Rapid) Assay Kit 規(guī)格:100次(各50次) 愛爾蘭JKY/K-DLATE更多信息>>>
名稱:D/L-乳酸檢測試劑盒
產(chǎn)品貨號:K-DLATE
規(guī)格:100(各50)
產(chǎn)地:愛爾蘭
數(shù)量:大量
英文名:D/L-Lactic Acid Assay Kit
保存條件:4-6攝氏度
保質(zhì)期:1年以上

外觀 七玻璃瓶
比重 不適用
在水中的溶解度 易溶
pH值 7.0
氣味 無
粉末和液體形式

性 (冷凍)5年或以上

成分:
名稱 比例
甘氨酰甘氨酸緩沖液 1瓶(玻璃)
煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 2瓶(玻璃)
?-谷氨酸丙酮酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶 1瓶(玻璃)
L -乳酸脫氫酶酶 1瓶(玻璃)
D -乳酸脫氫酶酶 1瓶(玻璃)
L -乳酸的標準解決方案1瓶(玻璃)

詳細信息
引言:

許多食品和飲料中都發(fā)現(xiàn)有D-乳酸和L-乳酸。由乳酸菌產(chǎn)生,D-乳酸和L-乳酸存在于牛奶的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)品中比如酸奶和奶酪,以及腌菜,腌肉和腌魚中。L-乳酸被廣泛添加入食品和飲料(E270)中,用作不揮發(fā)的酸化劑以增加酸味。在蛋品廠,L-乳酸可作為質(zhì)量指標,如果過了200mg/kg那么表示存在由于污染孵化導(dǎo)致的腐敗。類似地,也可以通過檢測D-乳酸和L-乳酸含量確定牛奶和果汁的質(zhì)量。在葡萄酒生產(chǎn)中,蘋果乳酸的發(fā)酵也可以通過隨后的L-蘋果酸水平下降和L-乳酸水平增加監(jiān)測。D-乳酸的產(chǎn)生標志著酒被乳酸菌腐敗。在化工業(yè)中,D-乳酸和L-乳酸都是化合物生產(chǎn)過程中的原材料,例如聚交酯和一些可生物降解的聚合物,同時也應(yīng)用在化妝品和醫(yī)藥品生產(chǎn)中。



原理:



D-乳酸的定量分析需要兩步酶化反應(yīng)。 *個反應(yīng)由D-乳酸脫氫酶(D-LDH)催化,D-乳酸在煙酰腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的存在下,被氧化成丙酮酸(1)。

(D-LDH)

(1) D-乳酸 +

NAD+

丙酮酸 + NADH + H+



(D—GPT)

然而, 因為反應(yīng)(1)的平衡和D-乳酸和NAD+有著密切的關(guān)系,進一步反應(yīng)需要消耗產(chǎn)生的丙酮酸 在大量D-谷氨酸的存在下,通過D-谷氨酸-丙酮酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(D-GPT)的作用把丙酮酸轉(zhuǎn)化為D-丙胺酸和2-酮戊二酸(2)。

(2)丙酮酸+D-谷氨酸

D-丙胺酸和2-酮戊二酸



以上兩個反應(yīng)中產(chǎn)生的 NADH 的量可以用來計量D-乳酸的量。 NADH的量通過340nm處增加的吸光率來測量。

在相似的反應(yīng)中,由L-乳酸脫氫酶(D-LDH)(3)催化,L-乳酸在煙酰腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的存在下,被氧化成丙酮酸(3)

(L-LDH)

(3) L-乳酸 +

NAD+

丙酮酸 + NADH + H+



在大量D-谷氨酸的存在下,通過D-谷氨酸-丙酮酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(D-GPT)的作用把丙酮酸再次被轉(zhuǎn)化為D-丙胺酸和2-酮戊二酸(2)。D-乳酸和L-乳酸可以被連續(xù)測定,在這個分析方法中,它們被分別進行但它們可以同時孵育,這樣減少了總反應(yīng)時間。



特異性,靈敏度,線性和精確性



此方法特異性檢測D-乳酸和L-乳酸。在D-乳酸鋰(MW=96.0)的檢測中,大約可以預(yù)期結(jié)果為96%(W/W),L-乳酸鋰可以得到98%(W/W)。

檢測的靈敏度為0.005 個吸光度單位。相當于樣品zui大體積為1.50 mL 時,樣品濃度為0.107 mg/L(或者 1.60 mg/L ,樣品體積0.1 mL) 。檢測限為 0.214 mg/L,這是在0.010的吸光度差異,樣品zui大體積為1.50 mL為得到的 。

D-乳酸和L-乳酸檢測的線性變化為0.5 到 30 μg 。在重復(fù)測定中,同一份樣品溶液,可能產(chǎn)生0.005 到 0.010 個吸光光度值的差異。這相當于樣品1.50 mL,樣品溶液中D-乳酸和L-乳酸的濃度為0.107 到 0.214 mg/L 。如果樣品在制備階段被稀釋過,結(jié)果要乘以稀釋倍數(shù)F。如果樣品制備階段,稱量過樣品,比如10 g/L,可能會產(chǎn)生0.02 到 0.05 g/100 g 的差異。



干擾:



如果D-乳酸和L-乳酸的轉(zhuǎn)換在實驗的時間內(nèi)(D-乳酸大約5分鐘,L-乳酸大約10分鐘)*完成,通常認為是沒有發(fā)生任何干擾。不過,這個也可以進一步驗證,通過在實驗的完成時,向比皿中加入D-乳酸和L-乳酸混合物(大約每0.1mL分別為15ug),吸光光度值有會明顯增加。

樣品中的干擾物質(zhì)的分析可以通過加入一個內(nèi)參來確定。需要進行一個標準品定量回收實驗,通過這個回收實驗(也是在zui初的提取步驟中向樣品中加入D-乳酸或L-乳酸)可以算出樣品在處理和提取過程中的損失量。



安全:



D-乳酸和L-乳酸檢測中用到的試劑沒有有毒物質(zhì)。不過濃縮緩沖液中含有*(0.02 % w/v)作為防腐劑。這個通常需要按照有毒物質(zhì)的安全操作流程進行試驗。



試劑盒:



D-乳酸和L-乳酸檢測試劑盒可以進行50次試驗,并提供所有的實驗方法。



瓶 1(×2): 雙甘氨肽緩沖液 (25 mL,0.5 M,pH 10.0) 和D-谷氨酸 (0.5 M) 和* (0.02 % w/v)作為防腐劑 4°C保存,性>2年。.

瓶 2(×2): NAD+ (380 mg)。-20°C保存,性>5年。.

瓶 3 : D-谷氨酸-丙酮酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶懸浮液(1.1 mL, 1,300 U/mL).

4°C保存,性>2年

瓶4 :L-乳酸脫氫酶懸浮液(1.1 mL,20,000 U/mL)。4°C保存,性>2年。

瓶5 :D-乳酸脫氫酶懸浮液(1.1 mL,20,000 U/mL)。4°C保存,性>2年。

瓶6 :D-乳酸/L-乳酸標準溶液

(每個5 mL, 0.15 mg/mL) ,0.02 % (w/v) *。4°C保存,性>2年


D-/L-Lactic Acid (D-/L-Lactate) (Rapid)
For the rapid and specific and rapid concurrent assay of L-lactic acid (L-lactate) and D-lactic acid (D-lactate) in beverages, meat, dairy and food products. (100 determinations per kit; 50 of each).

Catalogue Number: K-DLATE
Content: 100 assays [50 of each] per kit


Appearance Seven glass vials.
Specific Gravity not applicable
Solubility in Water Readily soluble.
pH Value 7.0
Odour none
Form powders and liquids
Stability stable in a freezer for five or more years
Ingredients Name CAS Proportion
Glycylglycine buffer 1 vial (glass)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2 vials (glass)
D-Glutamate pyruvate transaminase enzyme 1 vial (glass)
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme 1 vial (glass)
D-Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme 1 vial (glass)
L-Lactic acid standard solution 1 vial (glass)


INTRODUCTION:
D- and L-lactic acid are found in many foods and beverages. Produced
naturally by lactic acid bacteria, D- and L-lactic acid are found in many
fermented milk products such as yoghurt and cheese, and also in
pickled vegetables, and cured meats and fish. L-Lactic acid is
supplemented into foods and beverages (E270) where a tart flavour is
desired, and is widely used as a non-volatile acidulant. In the egg
industry, L-lactic acid is a quality indicator, where levels above 200
mg/kg indicate spoilage by contamination or incubation. Similarly, the
quality of milk and fruit juice can be established by measurement of the
D- and L-lactic acid content. In the wine industry, the course of
malolactic fermentation is monitored by following the falling level of
L-malic acid, and the increasing level of L-lactic acid. The production of
D-lactic acid can indicate wine spoilage. In the chemical industry, both
D- and L-lactic acid are raw materials in the production of compounds
such as polylactides and biologically degradable polymers, and
applications also exist for these acids in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
PRINCIPLE:
The quantification of D-lactic acid requires two enzyme reactions. In
the first reaction catalysed by D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH),
D-lactic acid (D-lactate) is oxidised to pyruvate in the presence of
nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (1).
(D-LDH)
(1) D-Lactate + NAD+ pyruvate + NADH + H+
However, since the equilibrium of reaction (1) lies firmly in the favour
of D-lactic acid and NAD+, a further reaction is required to “trap” the
pyruvate product. This is achieved by the conversion of pyruvate to
D-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, with the enzyme D-glutamate-pyruvate
transaminase (D-GPT) in the presence of a large excess of
D-glutamate (2).
(D-GPT)
(2) Pyruvate + D-glutamate D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate
The amount of NADH formed in the above coupled reaction is
stoichiometric with the amount of D-lactic acid. It is the NADH which
is measured by the increase in absorbance at 340 nm.
In a similar set of reactions, L-lactic acid (L-lactate) is oxidised to
pyruvate by L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) (3) in the presence of
nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
1
(L-LDH)
(3) L-Lactate + NAD+ pyruvate + NADH + H+
Pyruvate is again “trapped” using D-GPT in the presence of a large
excess of D-glutamate (2). While the assays for D-lactic acid and
L-lactic acid can be performed sequentially, in the current format they
are performed separay as this allows the incubations to be
performed concurrently and thus gives a significant reduction in total
reaction time.
SPECIFICITY, SENSITIVITY, LINEARITY AND PRECISION:
The assays are specific for either D-lactic acid or L-lactic acid. In the
assay of lithium D-lactate (MW = 96.0) results of approx. 96 % (w/w)
can be expected, while a value of 98 % (w/w) should be obtained with
lithium L-lactate.
The smallest differentiating absorbance for the assay is 0.005
absorbance units. This corresponds to 0.107 mg/L of sample solution
at the maximum sample volume of 1.50 mL (or to 1.60 mg/L with a
sample volume of 0.1 mL). The detection limit is 0.214 mg/L, which is
derived from an absorbance difference of 0.010 and the maximum
sample volume of 1.50 mL.
The assay is linear over the range of 0.5 to 30 μg of D- or L-lactic
acid per assay. In duplicate determinations using one sample solution,
an absorbance difference of 0.005 to 0.010 may occur. With a sample
volume of 1.50 mL, this corresponds to a D-/L-lactic acid
concentration of approx. 0.107 to 0.214 mg/L of sample solution. If
the sample is diluted during sample preparation, the result is
multiplied by the dilution factor, F. If in sample preparation, the sample
is weighed, e.g. 10 g/L, a difference of 0.02 to 0.05 g/100 g can be
expected.
INTERFERENCE:
If the conversion of D- and L-lactic acid has been completed within
the times specified in the assay (D-lactic acid, approx. 5 min;
L-lactic acid, approx. 10 min), it can be generally concluded that no
interference has occurred. However, this can be further checked by
adding a D-/L-lactic acid mixture (15 μg of each in 0.1 mL) to the
cuvette on completion of the reaction. A significant increase in the
absorbance should be observed.
Interfering substances in the sample being analysed can be identified
by including an internal standard. Quantitative recovery of this
2
standard would be expected. Losses in sample handling and
extraction are identified by performing recovery experiments i.e. by
adding D-lactic acid or L-lactic acid to the sample in the initial
extraction steps.
SAFETY:
The reagents used in the determination of D- and L-lactic acid are
not hazardous materials in the sense of the Hazardous Substances
Regulations. However, the buffer concentrate contains sodium azide
(0.02 % w/v) as a preservative. The general safety measures that apply
to all chemical substances should be adhered to.

KITS:
Kits suitable for performing 50 concurrent determinations of both
D- and L-lactic acid are available from Megazyme. The kits contain the
full assay method plus:
Bottle 1: (x2) Glycylglycine buffer (25 mL, 0.5 M, pH 10.0) plus
D-glutamate (0.5 M) and sodium azide (0.02 % w/v)
as a preservative. Stable for > 2 years at 4°C.
Bottle 2: (x2) NAD+ (380 mg).
Stable for > 5 years at -20°C.
Bottle 3: D-Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase suspension
(2.2 mL, 1,300 U/mL).
Stable for > 2 years at 4°C.
Bottle 4: L-Lactate dehydrogenase suspension
(1.1 mL, 2,000 U/mL). Stable for > 2 years at 4°C.
Bottle 5: D-Lactate dehydrogenase suspension
(1.1 mL, 20,000 U/mL). Stable for > 2 years at 4°C.
Bottle 6: D-/L-Lactic acid standard solution
(5 mL, 0.15 mg/mL of each) in 0.02 % (w/v) sodium
azide. Stable for > 2 years at 4°C.歷史資料:2009-12-22版本  2009-12-29版本  2009-12-30版本  2010-04-15版本  2010-05-28版本  
 
id) Assay Kit 規(guī)格:100次(各50次) 愛爾蘭JKY/K-DLATE

id) Assay Kit 規(guī)格:100次(各50次) 愛爾蘭JKY/K-DLATE

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