1 PLC的發展歷程 在工業生產過程中,大量的開關量順序控制,它按照邏輯條件進行順序動作,并按照邏輯關系進行連鎖保護動作的控制,及大量離散量的數據采集。傳統上,這些功能是通過氣動或電氣控制系統來實現的。1968年美國GM(通用汽車)公司提出取代繼電氣控制裝置的要求,第二年,美國數字公司研制出了基于集成電路和電子技術的控制裝置,*采用程序化的手段應用于電氣控制,這就是*代可編程序控制器,稱Programmable Controller(PC)。 個人計算機(簡稱PC)發展起來后,為了方便,也為了反映可編程控制器的功能特點,可編程序控制器定名為Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)。 上世紀80年代至90年代中期,是PLC發展zui快的時期,年增長率一直保持為30~40%。在這時期,PLC在處理模擬量能力、數字運算能力、人機接口能力和網絡能力得到大幅度提高,PLC逐漸進入過程控制領域,在某些應用上取代了在過程控制領域處于統治地位的DCS系統。 PLC具有通用性強、使用方便、適應面廣、可靠性高、抗*力強、編程簡單等特點。PLC在工業自動化控制特別是順序控制中的地位,在可預見的將來,是無法取代的。 2 PLC的構成 從結構上分,PLC分為固定式和組合式(模塊式)兩種。固定式PLC包括CPU板、I/O板、顯示面板、內存塊、電源等,這些元素組合成一個不可拆卸的整體。模塊式PLC包括CPU模塊、I/O模塊、內存、電源模塊、底板或機架,這些模塊可以按照一定規則組合配置。 3 CPU的構成 CPU是PLC的核心,起神經中樞的作用,每套PLC至少有一個CPU,它按PLC的系統程序賦予的功能接收并存貯用戶程序和數據,用掃描的方式采集由現場輸入裝置送來的狀態或數據,并存入規定的寄存器中,同時,診斷電源和PLC內部電路的工作狀態和編程過程中的語法錯誤等。進入運行后,從用戶程序存貯器中逐條讀取指令,經分析后再按指令規定的任務產生相應的控制信號,去指揮有關的控制電路。 CPU主要由運算器、控制器、寄存器及實現它們之間的數據、控制及狀態總線構成,CPU單元還包括外圍芯片、總線接口及有關電路。內存主要用于存儲程序及數據,是PLC*的組成單元。 ◆ 企業名稱:廈門泰尼電氣有限公司 ◆ 企業性質: 有限責任公司 ◆ 主營業務:DCS,PLC ◆ 經營模式: 貿易 ◆ 貿易地區: 全國 ◆ : 小廖女士) ◆ : ◆ ◆ : ◆ (備注“01008”收) ◆ : ◆ 郵政編碼: 361026 MTS SYSTEMS LPSCVU0090AQ TEMPOSONICS Magnetostrictive LTD Position Sensor
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